Scotland's landscape is famously dotted with castles – from the majestic royal fortress of Edinburgh Castle to the picturesque Eilean Donan. But beyond these well-known landmarks lies a world of hidden fortresses, mysterious ruins, and atmospheric strongholds that offer a more intimate connection with Scotland's turbulent history.
The Allure of the Lesser-Known
While the iconic castles of Scotland undoubtedly deserve their fame, there's something profoundly moving about discovering a remote fortress where you might be the only visitor. Without the interpretive signs, gift shops, and crowds, these lesser-known castles invite you to connect with history on your own terms – to touch ancient stones, to ponder the lives lived within these walls, and to let your imagination roam freely.
Here, we unveil five remarkable castles that remain largely overlooked by standard tourist itineraries, yet reward the intrepid traveler with unforgettable experiences.
1. Castle Tioram (Pronounced "Cheerum")
Perched on a rocky islet at the meeting point of Loch Moidart and the River Shiel in the western Highlands, Castle Tioram is perhaps Scotland's most romantically situated ruin. This was once the stronghold of the Macdonalds of Clanranald, and its spectacular setting against a backdrop of mountains has changed little since medieval times.
What makes this castle special is its splendid isolation and the journey required to reach it. Accessible only at low tide via a causeway, or viewable from boats that occasionally ply Loch Moidart, Tioram rewards effort with atmosphere in abundance. The castle itself has been a ruin since 1715 when its laird burned it rather than see it fall into the hands of government forces during the Jacobite uprising.
While you cannot enter the internal structure for safety reasons, walking around the exterior and standing in the shadow of these ancient walls offers a powerful connection to Scotland's past.
Local Insight:
Visit at sunset if possible. The changing light on the water and mountains creates a photographer's dream, while the diminishing daylight adds a haunting quality to the ruins.
2. Kilchurn Castle
While not entirely unknown, Kilchurn Castle remains less visited than it deserves to be, partly due to its somewhat isolated location at the northeastern end of Loch Awe in Argyll. Built in the mid-15th century by Sir Colin Campbell, the castle served as a base for the powerful Campbell clan for nearly 300 years.
Unlike many Scottish castles perched on defensive high ground, Kilchurn sits low near the water, creating stunning reflections on still days. The five-story tower house remains largely intact, and visitors can explore multiple levels, including the baron's hall and garrison rooms.
What makes Kilchurn truly special is its setting against a backdrop of mountains, particularly Ben Cruachan. The classic view of the castle from across the loch is one of Scotland's most painterly landscapes, especially in autumn when the surrounding trees turn golden.
3. Hermitage Castle
Known as "the guardhouse of the bloodiest valley in Britain," Hermitage Castle in the Border region exudes menace. Its massive stone walls rise starkly from the landscape with barely a window to break their forbidding façade. This is architecture designed to intimidate, and even today, the castle has a palpable atmosphere of darkness.
Hermitage was home to some of medieval Scotland's most notorious figures, including the 4th Earl of Bothwell, who would later become Mary Queen of Scots' third husband. Local legends tell of wizard lairds, imprisoned knights left to starve, and cruel deeds that match the castle's grim appearance.
The castle's remote location in Liddesdale means it receives relatively few visitors, allowing you to experience the eerie silence and brooding presence of what Sir Walter Scott called "the strength of Ermitage."
4. Caerlaverock Castle
Unique in Britain for its triangular design, Caerlaverock Castle in Dumfries and Galloway is a medieval masterpiece. Surrounded by a moat and featuring a twin-towered gatehouse, this red sandstone fortress dates from the 13th century and played a significant role in the wars of Scottish independence.
While not completely unknown, Caerlaverock remains less visited than northern Scottish castles, despite offering one of the most complete moated defenses in Scotland. The castle's unusual shape was dictated by the triangular piece of land it occupies, demonstrating how medieval builders adapted their designs to the landscape.
Inside, you'll find an impressive range of architectural details spanning several centuries, from the medieval defenses to the Renaissance residence within. The surrounding nature reserve adds to the appeal, with woodland walks and wildlife spotting opportunities.
Travel Tip:
Combine a visit to Caerlaverock with nearby Sweetheart Abbey, founded by Lady Devorgilla in memory of her husband John Balliol. She carried his embalmed heart with her for the rest of her life in a casket of ivory and silver – hence the abbey's romantic name.
5. Dunnottar Castle
While increasingly featured in tourism publications, Dunnottar still offers a sense of discovery that belies its growing popularity. Perched atop a rocky headland with sheer cliffs on three sides, this ruined medieval fortress south of Stonehaven has one of the most dramatic settings in all of Europe.
Accessed via a steep path that winds down and then up to the castle entrance, Dunnottar rewards visitors with breathtaking views of the North Sea and a substantial complex of buildings to explore. The castle played a key role in Scottish history, most famously hiding the Scottish Crown Jewels from Cromwell's invading army in the 17th century.
What makes Dunnottar special beyond its setting is the range of buildings preserved within its walls. From the 14th-century tower house to the 16th-century palace block, visitors can trace the evolution of Scottish noble life across the centuries.
Planning Your Secret Castle Tour
Scotland's hidden castles offer a more intimate connection with history than their famous counterparts, but require more planning to visit effectively:
- Timing: Many lesser-known sites have limited opening hours or are unstaffed. Always check current access information before traveling.
- Transportation: Public transport to remote castles can be limited or non-existent. Consider hiring a car for maximum flexibility.
- Weather: Scotland's weather is famously changeable. Bring appropriate clothing, especially waterproofs and sturdy footwear for potentially muddy or uneven terrain.
- Photography: Early morning or late afternoon light often shows these structures at their most dramatic.
- Local Knowledge: Engage with local communities near these castles. Innkeepers, shopkeepers, and residents often have stories and insights not found in guidebooks.
Scotland's secret castles offer more than just a glimpse into the past – they provide an opportunity to experience history away from the crowds, in settings that have changed little over the centuries. These stone sentinels have witnessed the unfolding of Scotland's dramatic story, from clan warfare to royal intrigue, from border raids to religious upheaval. As you stand within their weathered walls, you become part of that continuing story – another traveler touched by their enduring power and mystery.
